9.13

A. TETRAHEDRAL, PYRAMIDAL

B. TRIGONAL PLANAR, TRIGONAL PLANAR

C. TETRAHEDRAL, TETRAHEDRAL

D. TRIGONAL PLANAR, TRIGONAL PLANAR

E. TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL, TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL

F. OCTAHEDRAL, SQUARE PYRAMIDAL

9.15

A. (i) trigonal planar (ii)tetrahedral (iii) trigonal bipyramidal

B. Central atom (i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii) 2

C. N or P. They both tend to follow the octet rule and form tetrahedral central atom electron domain geometry.

D. Cl, or F, I or Br. A total of 28 valence electrons are needed to create the two unshared pairs necessary to form a "t-shaped" molecule

9.19

A. 104.5 and 107

B. 109.5 and 104.5

C. 180

D. 120. 104.5, 109.5

9.23. A. nonpolar B. nonpolar C. nonpolar D. polar E. polar F. nonpolar

9.29 A. sp 180 B. sp3 109.5 C. sp2 120 D. sp3d2 90 E. sp3d 120/90

9.33 A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp3d D. sp E. sp3d2

9.36 A. 1 sigma and 1 pi B. 1 sigma and 2 pi's C. Multiple bonds make molecules rigid, because a double or triple bond cannot be rotated.

9.37 B. sp3 vs. sp2 C. A maximum of four bonds can form on Carbon. Its octet cannot be expanded. CH4 requires all of the bonds that Carbon can form. CH2O allows two of Carbon's four electrons to be shared with the oxygen, since there are only two hydrogens.